Hydroacoustic investigationof submarine landslides at West Mata volcano, Lau Basin

Flux measurements of explosive degassing using a yearlong hydroacoustic record at an erupting submarine volcano

[1] The output of gas and tephra from volcanoes is an inherently disorganized process that makes reliable flux estimates challenging to obtain. Continuous monitoring of gas flux has been achieved in only a few instances at subaerial volcanoes, but never for submarine volcanoes. Here we use the first sustained (yearlong) hydroacoustic monitoring of an erupting submarine volcano (NW Rota-1, Maria...

Long-term explosive degassing and debris flow activity at West Mata submarine volcano

WestMata is a 1200mdeep submarine volcano where explosive boninite eruptions were observed in 2009. The acoustic signatures from the volcano’s summit eruptive vents Hades and Prometheus were recorded with an in situ (~25m range) hydrophone during ROV dives in May 2009 and with local (~5 km range) moored hydrophones between December 2009 and August 2011. The sensors recorded low frequency (1–40 ...

Acoustic response of submarine volcanoes in the Tofua Arc and northern Lau Basin to two great earthquakes

Mapping the sound field of an erupting submarine volcano using an acoustic glider.

An underwater glider with an acoustic data logger flew toward a recently discovered erupting submarine volcano in the northern Lau basin. With the volcano providing a wide-band sound source, recordings from the two-day survey produced a two-dimensional sound level map spanning 1 km (depth) × 40 km(distance). The observed sound field shows depth- and range-dependence, with the first-order spatia...

Mass transport events and their tsunami hazard

Mass transport events, such as those from submarine landslides, volcanic flank collapse at convergent margins and on oceanic islands, and subaerial failure are reviewed and found to be all potential tsunami sources. The intensity and frequency of the tsunamis resulting is dependent upon the source. Most historical records are of devastating tsunamis from volcanic collapse at convergent margins....